Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology Subjects: Computer Science >> Computer Application Technology submitted time 2024-04-10
Abstract： Integrative complexity is a concept used in psychology to measure the structure of an individual’s thinking in two aspects: differentiation and integration. The measurement of integrative complexity relies primarily on manual analysis of textual content, which can be written materials, speeches, interview transcript large language models, or any other form of oral or written expression. To solve the problems of high cost of manual assessment methods, low accuracy of automated assessment methods, and the lack of Chinese text assessment scheme, this study designed an automated assessment scheme for integrative complexity on Chinese and English texts. We utilized text data enhancement technique of the large language model and the model migration technique for the assessment of integrative complexity, and explored the automated assessment methods for the two sub-structures of integrative complexity, namely, the fine integration complexity and the dialectical integration complexity. In this paper, two studies are designed and implemented. Firstly, a prediction model for the integration complexity of English text is implemented based on the text data enhancement technology of large language model; secondly, a prediction model for the integration complexity of Chinese text is implemented based on the model transfer technology. The results showed that: 1) We used GPT-3.5-Tubo for English text data enhancement, a pre-trained multilingual Roberta model for word vector extraction, and a text convolutional neural network model as a downstream model. The Spearman correlation coefficient between this model’s prediction of integration complexity and the manual scoring results was 0.62, with a dialectical integration complexity correlation coefficient of 0.51 and a fine integration complexity Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.60. It is superior to machine learning methods and neural network models without data enhancement. 2) In Study 2, a model with the same structure as the neural network in Study 1 was established, and the final model parameters in Study 1 were also transferred to the model in this study to train the integration complexity prediction model based on Chinese text. In the case of zero samples, the Spearman correlation coefficients of the transfer learning model for integrative complexity are 0.31, the Spearman correlation coefficient of dialectical integration complexity is 0.31, and the correlation coefficient of fine integration complexity is 0.33, all of which are better than the model in the case of random parameters (integrative complexity: 0.17, dialectical integrative complexity: 0.10, fine integrative complexity: 0.10). In the case of small samples, the Spearman correlation coefficient of the transfer learning model was 0.73, with a dialectical integration complexity correlation coefficient of 0.51 and a fine integration complexity correlation coefficient of 0.73.
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Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology submitted time 2024-04-10
Abstract： Integrative complexity is a concept used in psychology to measure the structure of an individual’s thinking. It mainly involves two aspects: differentiation and integration. Differentiation refers to the ability of an individual to identify and understand different viewpoints or elements in the information. Integration refers to the ability of individuals to combine these different ideas or elements into a logical and coherent whole. The measurement of integrative complexity relies primarily on manual analysis of textual content, which can be written materials, speeches, interview transcripts, or any other form of oral or written expression. Integrative complexity has demonstrated its interdisciplinary value and extensive research potential in the fields of management psychology, political psychology and cultural psychology. In the field of management psychology, the level of integrated complexity of leaders affects how they approach complex management challenges, develop strategies, and promote team diversity. In political psychology, researchers use integrative complexity to analyze the thinking styles of political leaders, the foreign policy decision-making process, and the political attitudes and behaviors of the masses. Cultural psychology uses integrative complexity to explore the thinking patterns and information processing strategies of individuals in different cultural contexts. But in the field of health psychology, the integrative complexity has not been fully studied. Integrated complexity, as a measure of the structure of thought, can explain how individuals process information and deal with stress and negative emotions, which is very important for individual mental health. According to the suicide escape theory, individuals may escape unbearable self-consciousness and emotional pain through suicidal behavior. Under this theoretical framework, low integration complexity may be a risk factor for suicidal behavior, because low integration complexity may make it difficult for individuals to see multiple aspects of problems and possible solutions while facing stress and psychological pain, and thus leading to helpless and hopeless. This study explores the effect of integration complexity on suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior through social network media data. The results show that the complexity of dialectical integration negatively affects individual suicidal ideation, the complexity of fine integration positively affects individual suicidal ideation, and the complexity of dialectical integration negatively regulates the impact of negative emotions on suicidal ideation. Individuals with low dialectical integration complexity are more likely to be disturbed by negative emotions, and thus more likely to show suicidal ideation; Individuals with high dialectical integration complexity are less likely to be disturbed by negative emotions and thus less likely to exhibit suicidal ideation, but this pattern is not stable and may be disturbed by cultural background and other factors. On the eve of suicidal behavior, the integration complexity of the individual will continue to decrease.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology Subjects: Computer Science >> Computer Application Technology submitted time 2024-03-23
Abstract： In recent years, researchers have recognized the impact of Zhong-yong Thinking Style on mental health. However, it is not clear how Zhong-yong thinking style affects mental health through internal psychological mechanisms. Previous studies found that individuals with a better ability to coordinate agency (a motivation representing self-interest) and communion (a motivation representing altruism) tend to have a higher level of moral centrality. Moral centrality reflects the balance of internal motivation system, which can reduce the conflict between agency and communion, helping individuals reach a state that the opposing motivations support and energies each other. Moral centrality may play a potential mediating role in the impact of Zhong-yong thinking style on mental health. Although there are relatively mature methods for measuring individual moral centrality, it involves the complex task of coding values in personal strivings, making the measurement of moral centrality particularly complicated and labor-intensive. However, with the development of large language models(LLM) like ChatGPT, they have demonstrated excellent contextual comprehension skills and offered new possibilities for text analysis and coding work. Accordingly, this study intends to apply large language models to the coding work of psychological research, reduce the time and labor cost required in the process of measuring individual moral centrality, and explore how Zhong-yong thinking style affects individual mental health through moral centrality. Study 1 involves training GPT-3.5 Turbo to recognize values contained in personal strivings (achievement / power / universalism / benevolence) using differentiated prompts and evaluating its accuracy, precision, and recall rates, in order to obtain a model that meets the requirements for application. Study 2 applies above GPT-3.5 Turbo models in the process of measuring moral centrality, exploring how moral centrality mediates the impact of Zhong-yong thinking style on depression and anxiety. The findings are as follows: (1) The GPT-3.5 Turbo demonstrated an accuracy rate of not less than 0.80 in recognizing values of power, achievement, universlaism, and benevolence, showing the potential application of ChatGPT in psychological research; (2) Moral centrality played a mediating role in the impact of Zhong-yong thinking style on depression/anxiety. Specifically, individuals with a higher level of Zhong-yong thinking style could better integrate agency and communion, enhancing their moral centrality, and thereby reducing levels of depression/anxiety. In summary, this study utilized large language models to break through the technical limitations of traditional psychological research, exploring the mechanisms through which Zhong-yong thinking style affects mental health and verifying the mediating role of moral centrality. On the one hand, it proves the application potential of large language models in the field of psychological research. On the other hand, it deepens our understanding of the mechanisms through which Zhong-yong thinking style influence mental health, enriching the theoretical foundation of this field. It suggests that policymakers could use the advantages of Zhongyong thinking culture, advocating for values that emphasize individual development while also focusing on collective well-being, helping people improve moral centrality, thereby mitigating the negative impact of economic inequality on mental health.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology Subjects: Computer Science >> Computer Application Technology submitted time 2024-03-23
Abstract： In recent years, researchers have increasingly recognized the impact of unequal income distribution on individual mental health. However, it is not clear how it affects mental health through internal psychological mechanisms. As the macro environment in which individuals live, economy shape people’s different values and make individuals have different levels of motivation orientation. Previous studies have indicated that individuals with a better ability to coordinate agency and communion tend to have a relatively high level of moral centrality. Moral centrality reflects the balance of internal motivation system, which can reduce the conflict between agency and communion, helping individuals reach a state that the opposing motivations support and energies each other. Thus, individuals are not only able to efficiently realize their personal values but also more easily allow for the attainment of eudaimonic well-being, thereby reducing the risk of mental health problems. Therefore, moral centrality may play a potential mediating role in the impact of income distribution inequality on mental health. Overall, with income distribution inequality as independent variables, this study aims to explore the mechanisms through which it affects mental health, by examining how income distribution influences individual moral centrality and, in turn, affect mental health. Our research not only enriches the theoretical foundation of the mental health field, but also provides a theoretical basis for interventions, and helps to formulate targeted strategies to improve the psychological well-being of the public. With the help of social media big data and natural language processing technology, we use posts made by regional microblogs to extract word frequency features representing the group’s moral centrality and group’s mental health level through the psychosemantic lexicon, and use panel data analysis to examine how the inequality in income distribution affects the negative emotions and suicide risk of the regional group through moral centrality. The results confirm that moral centrality plays a mediating role in the effect of regional income distribution inequality on group negative emotions/suicide risk, and that regions with higher income distribution inequality tend to be accompanied by lower levels of group moral centrality, which in turn leads to an increase in negative emotions/suicide risk among groups in the region.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology submitted time 2023-07-09
Abstract： [Objective] To explore the differences of sleep quality and life satisfaction in different regions by means of microblog data, and to analyze the relationship between sleep quality and life satisfaction.
[Method] Weibo users were divided into four regions according to their posts, and the differences of sleep quality and life satisfaction were compared. [Results] (1) The sleep quality of Weibo users was marginal significant among the four regions, F (3, 489) = 2.363, p = 0.071. The sleep quality score of Weibo users in central region was significantly higher than that of Weibo users in western region (p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in sleep quality between other regions (ps > 0.05). (2) There was no significant difference in the life satisfaction of Weibo users among the four regions, F (3, 489) = 1.490, p > 0.05. (3) Sleep quality was negatively correlated with life satisfaction (r = −0.08, p < 0.05); (4) Sleep quality did not significantly predict life satisfaction (B = −1.27, p = 0.078). [Conclusion] Sleep quality varies among users in different regions, and lower sleep quality will affect life satisfaction.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Visual motion perception is the process human brain perceives the dynamic/motion characteristics of objects. Individuals with autism spectrum disorders exhibit deficits in visual processing, such as in optical flow, second-order motion, coherent motion, biological motion, motion speed, and obsessing in repetitive moving objects. While various hypotheses (the Dorsal/Magnocellular pathway-specific hypothesis, Complexity-specific hypothesis, Neural noise hypothesis, Flatter-prior hypothesis, Temporo-spatial processing deficit, Extreme male brain hypothesis, and Social brain hypothesis) have been proposed to explain the abnormal visual processing in autism, none of them has been proven definitively so far. Future study should focus on investigating individual differences and neural mechanism of abnormal visual motion perception, integrating and verifying the hypotheses, as well as exploiting effective evaluation tools and interventions.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： One of the long-standing state among scholars researching the psychology of Creativity is that while western theories stress the importance of big-C, little-C, the process, the person, the product, the press and other concepts of Creativity from an ever-expanding variety of disciplines. But these systems are various and complicated, making man difficult grasp the point of the problem. In order to analyze the scope of application of each theory (mainly including Kaufman’ Four-C Model, Csikszentmihalyi’s Systems Model of Creativity, Sternberg’s Propulsion Theory of Creative Contributions, Amabile’s Componential Model of Creativity, and Gl?veanu’s 5A Theory of Creativity), we summarized these systematic theories of creativity from two directions, forming a rectangular coordinate system that we called the Galaxy Developmental Model for it is analogous to the process of galaxy development. One direction is perspective of development (from Mini-C to Little-C, then Pro-C, and finally Big-C); Another is perspective of connection (from the cognitive neural basis of creativity to the process of creativity…finally the socio-cultural aspect of creativity). We are trying to provide a method allowing us to understand each theory clearly and to establish systems view of creativity, as well as paving a way for further research and application.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Many empirical evidences provide sufficient support on the assumption that multicultural experience fosters creativity. The effect could be observed only in the individuals who engaged in two inconsistent cultures deeply. Moreover, the cognitive skills which include alternation, integration and inclusion developed by dual-identity individuals, foster their creativity. Future researches could be directed to strengthen its external validity in diverse samples, explore the mediating role of other variables such as stress appraisal, approach motivation, positive emotions, and expand domestic research on this topic.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (TES) is a non-invasive method of brain stimulation, which delivers a specific low intensity current on the scalp to modulate the activity of cortical cortex. TES is usually divided into three main types: transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), and transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS). In the current paper, we summarized the modulating effects of TES on visual phosphene threshold, visual field, contrast sensitivity, motion perception, and perceptual learning. The modulation effect varies with the type of visual functions, TES parameters, and stimulating patterns.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Resilience, a cross-disciplinary construct, develops along the psychological and systematic trajectories. Along with those two independent trajectories, this paper summarizes the types, definitions and measurements of resilience, draws the outline of developing paths based on the Conservation of Resource Theory, and then interventions are presented. Future research could try to explore the inducing mechanism of positive events on resilience and the relationships among cross-level resilience, and carry out local empirical research based on two trajectories above.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： In daily life, the use of language often occurs in a visual context. A large number of cognitive science studies have shown that visual and linguistic information processing modules do not work independently, but have complex interactions. The present paper centers on the impact of visual information on language processing, and first reviews research progress on the impact of visual information on speech comprehension, speech production and verbal communication. Secondly, the mechanism of visual information affecting language processing is discussed. Finally, computational models of visually situated language processing are reviewed, and the future research directions are prospected.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Motivation is the core of all behaviors. Motivation can be classified as the extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. The processing of the extrinsic and intrinsic motivation involves the reward, value, and control systems that would interact with the hippocampal memory system to facilitate memory performance. During adolescence, the brain develops rapidly, making it a critical period for memory development. Meanwhile, the subsystems of motivation develop unbalanced during adolescence (i.e., the reward system is sensible and the control system is immature), making it a special period for the motivation development. However, so far, the investigation of how extrinsic and intrinsic motivation impact teenage memory is on the start stage. There is a lack of systematic exploration and comparison of the behavioral rules and neural mechanisms of the extrinsic and intrinsic motivation’s impact on memory during adolescence. It remains unclear whether the rules and mechanisms of the extrinsic and intrinsic motivation’s impact on memory are common or specific and how the extrinsic and intrinsic motivation interacts with each other to affect memory during adolescence. As the monetary reward is easy to operate and quantify, previous research always used monetary reward to manipulate extrinsic motivation. In addition, intrinsic motivation is a hotspot in recent neuroscience research. Autonomy is the core concept of intrinsic motivation, which is often induced by self-determined choice. The current research will focus on monetary reward (extrinsic motivation) and self-determined choice (intrinsic motivation). We will integrate psychological and neuroscience methods and conduct a series of experiments to systematically reveal the impact of the extrinsic and intrinsic motivation on memory during adolescence on multiple levels (cognitive level, neural activity level and neural network level). Specifically, the current research will directly compare the mechanisms via which the extrinsic and intrinsic motivation affects memory and we will also examine how the extrinsic and intrinsic motivation interacts with each other to affect memory, so as to reveal the unique behavioral rules and neural mechanisms via which the two types of motivation (the extrinsic and intrinsic motivation) affect memory during adolescence. This research will greatly enrich the theory and improve the level of the field of motivation and memory. It has important theoretical significance for us to understand the nature of motivation, the underlying mechanisms of how motivation affects memory and the brain development during a very critical period in our life, the adolescence. It also has important practical significance for promoting adolescents’ motivation and learning.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Modeling psychological indexes (i.e., psych-modeling) is an emerging method that uses machine learning algorithms to identify psychological indexes based on big data. This paper reviews the feasibility of psych-modeling methods based on social media data in the field of psychometrics. Frequently used data types and machine learning algorithms are introduced. Then, we summarize psych-modeling's application to various scenarios together with its strengths and weaknesses. Compared with traditional self-reporting methods, psych-modeling has some advantages, including better performance in retrospective studies, greater ecological validity, and greater time-efficiency. However, psych-modeling has several limitations. For example, researchers need to spend extra time and effort to learn this new method and bear the inevitable cost of hardware. In future studies, researchers could investigate further how user's behavior on social media relates to psychological indexes. We also expect psych-modeling will be used in future psychological studies. By combining psychometrics and machine learning, we believe psych-modeling could make great contributions to psychology research and practice in the future.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： With the further development of computers and big data technology, human society and its cultural forms are undergoing profound changes. The production and interaction of cultural symbols have become increasingly complex, and cultural members and their social networks have left numerous texts and behavior footprints, which makes it necessary to describe, predict, and even change the culture, so that computable cultural symbols and their interaction process have gradually become the research object of cultural psychology. In this vein, Computational Cultural Psychology (CCP), which employs big data and computation tools to understand cultural symbols and their interaction processes, has emerges rapidly, making large-scale or even full sample cultural analysis possible. The key variables of CCP are mainly about individualism and collectivism, and the analysis technologies include feature dictionaries, machine learning, social networks analysis, and simulation.New research avenues of CCP involve the cultural change effect from the temporal perspective and cultural geography effect from the spatial perspective. For the former, Google Ngram Viewer, Google News, Google Search, name archives, pop songs, and micro-blogs were used to analyze the cultural changes after the long-term historical development and the short-term economic transformation. For the latter, both social media (e.g., Twitter, Facebook, and Weibo) and large-scale survey were used to analyze the cultural differences of various countries or regions in different geographic spaces, as well as the relationship between culture and environment, such as cultural diversity along the "Belt and Road", person - environment fit and cultural value mismatch across different regions in a country or all over the world.It should be noted that there are several limitations in CCP, including decoding distortion, sample bias, semasiological variation, and privacy risk, although new methods and paradigms are provided. In future directions, theoretical interpretation of variables, cultural dynamics, interdisciplinary integration, and ecological validity should be seriously concerned. In particular, accurate definition and theoretical interpretation of big data measurement are needed; a variety of big data corpus (e.g., historical archives) should be used for the evolutionary analysis of dynamic cultures; deep integration, but not conflict, should be encouraged between culture psychology and the sciences of computer, communication, and history; and the "scenarios" of big data should be considered in promoting the ecological validity of cultural psychology.Taken together, a review of the emergence of CCP, as well as the empirical research on the big data analysis of cultural change and cultural geography, is helpful in understanding the advantages, limitations, and future direction of this new field, which sheds light on theoretical and methodological innovation of cultural psychology.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： Increasing evidence has indicated that emotional information, and particularly threatening visual input, elicits faster behavioral responses than non-threatening stimuli. This superior processing of threatening information is also found under conditions where consciousness is absent. However, recent studies found that faster unconscious detection of emotion-associated stimuli than neutral stimuli may be due to their unmatched physical characteristics, rather than by their emotional content. Thus, it is necessary to test whether emotional stimuli still have the processing advantage over neutral ones in unconscious conditions when low-level visual properties are matched. In order to investigate whether unconsciously prioritized processing still occurs with emotion-associated stimuli which are physically identical, we used the conditioning paradigm to manipulate the affective significance of Gabor patches. Participants performed two challenging visual detection tasks under the breaking Continuous Flash Suppression (b-CFS) paradigm. In experiment 1, differently oriented Gabor patches (45° and 135°) were used as material. During an initial learning phase, one oriented Gabor patch (e.g., 45°) was paired with an alarm sound (CS+), whereas the other was never paired with the alarm sound (CS–). The emotional rating indicated that negative emotion could be elicited by the alarm sound in the participants. The orientation of CS+ Gabor patches was counterbalanced across participants. In the subsequent testing phase, participants were required to discriminate the location of the Gabor patch relative to the central fixation as quickly and accurately as possible. In this phase, Gabor patches were suppressed by dynamic noise using b-CFS. The procedure in experiment 2 was the same with that in experiment 1, except that the color of the Gabor patches was also varied, between red and green. In experiment 1, there was no difference in the accuracy rates between CS+ stimuli and CS– stimuli (99% vs. 99%). Suppression time results showed that CS+ stimuli emerged from suppression faster than CS– ones. In experiment 2, there was no difference in the accuracy rates for different learning condition. For the analysis of suppression time, the “learning effect” was computed to represent difference between experimental conditions and control condition. Integrated learning showed a significant learning effect, while there was no remarkable learning effect in orientation learning or in color learning condition. These findings revealed an unconscious processing advantage for aversive conditioned stimuli. Furthermore, the learning effect was specific to the conditioned stimuli and could not generalize to other similar objects. Taken together, this study provided further evidence for the optimized processing of affectively significant visual stimuli in unconscious conditions.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： There are lots of evidences showing that participant’s performance on Bayesian inference, syllogistic reasoning and probability reasoning could be promoted by cumulative frequency tree. However, very few study focuses on the promotion effect of frequency tree on causal reasoning. This study carried out two experiments to investigate the effect of frequency tree on causal strength inference. The research hypotheses include: (a) Frequency tree featuring a explicit nest-sets structure (ENS) can improve the rationality of participant’s reasoning, while the frequency tree featuring a concealed nest-sets structure (CNS) can’t improve rationality of reasoning; (b) Participants estimate the causal strength of different contingencies by different modes in experimental treatment which used frequency tree featuring a CNS; and (c) There are more participants estimate the causal strength by Power–PC model in preventive contingency rather than in productive contingency. 2 (Frequency tree, level 1: featuring a ENS, level 2: featuring a CNS) × 2 (causal direction, level 1: productive, level 2: preventive) × 3 (contingency, level 1: DP = 0.33 and Power – PC = 0.5; level 2: DP = 0.33 and Power – PC = 0.83; level 3: DP = 0.67 and Power – PC = 0.83) completely random design were used in two experiments. 469 undergraduate students participated in Experiment 1 which adopted counter–factual question, and 463 undergraduate students participated in Experiment 2 which adopted ability question. Contingency was offered by a booklet which contains 30 pages, and each page presents one sample related to the causality. Participant completed a frequency tree based on contingency, and estimated the causal strength of contingency individual. The frequency tree featuring a ENS consists of three types of information: the number of total samples, the number of samples in focus set, and the number of samples that represent effect emerge or not, while frequency tree featuring a CNS consists of the number of total samples and samples that represent effect emerge or not. The study found that (a) There are three common models of causal reasoning: Dp, Power–PC and P (E/C) for productive contingency (or P(-E/C) for preventive contingency), the most popular model changes with different experiment treatments; (b) 70.06 % of participants estimate causal strength by Power–PC model when they used frequency tree featuring a ENS, and only a few participants (about 21.28 %) estimate causal strength by Power–PC model when they used frequency tree featuring a CNS; (c) The type of frequency tree and the format of question have combining influence on causal strength evaluation, and the type of frequency tree have more influences on strength evaluation than the format of question; (d) Both contingency effect and causal direction effect are present from the experimental treatment which used frequency tree featuring a CNS. Experiment results significantly support research hypotheses (a), (b) and (c). These results indicate that frequency facilitating effect depends on supply nest-sets structure or not, whether in counter–factual question treatment or in ability question treatment. According to above two experiments, it is suggested that participant tends to make rational inference when they use frequency tree featuring a ENS or they were questioned by counter–factual format.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： Affect unfolds over time. Thus, it is crucial to understand the temporal dynamics of affect. Affective habituation, a form of affective temporal dynamic, refers to the psychological process by which the affective response becomes weak for repeated or continuous stimulation. Although substantial interest has been directed at delineating the affective habituation, it is still unclear that how hedonic affect (pleasure attainment and pain avoidance) and eudaimonic affect (meaning and self-realization) habituate across time. Additionally, it is unknown whether variety affects the habituation and how individual differences in the two types of affective habituation relate to people’s depression. The current study examines the process of the eudaimonic and hedonic habituation in a short time and its relation to depression. Two experiments were designed in the current study. Experiment 1 was designed to investigate the habituation of positive and neutral affect. It was a 2 (stimulus variability: 1-stimulus vs. 4-simuli) × 2 (positive vs neutral) within-subject design. Thirty-eight participants completed the habituation paradigm, in which people assessed the affective reactions to the repeated positive and neutral pictures using a visual analog scale and their depressive states were measured. We used hierarchical linear models to model the affective habituation and its relation with depression. The results showed that positive affect is more likely to habituate than neutral affect is; variety counteracted habituation; and there is no relationship between affective habituation and depression. From the hedonism and eudaimonism perspective, we divided positive affect into hedonic and eudaimonic affect. Experiment 2 was a 2 (variety: 1-stimulus vs. 4-simuli) × 3 (affective types: eudaimonic vs. hedonic vs. neutral) within-subject design. The procedure was almost identical to Experiment 1. Hedonic affect was defined as high pleasure but low meaning, such as the scenes depicting a person enjoying delicious food; eudaimonic affect was defined as high pleasure and high meaning, such as the scenes depicting a person helping others in need and spending time with family. The images were standardized with another sample. Seventy-one participants completed this habituation paradigm and their depressive states and neuroticism were measured after the experiment. The results showed that the hedonic affect is more likely to habituate than are eudaimonic affect and neutral affect. Variety counteracted hedonic and eudaimonic affect habituation. Their depressions were associated with rapid habituation of eudaimonic affect, but there was no such association for hedonic affect. Moreover, neuroticism moderated the relationship between the eudaimonic affect habituation and depression.In general, evidences from the current study found that eudaimonic affect is difficult to habituate relative to hedonic affect in a short time. Variety counteracted both types of affect habituation. Furthermore, depression was associated with rapid habituation of eudaimonic affect and neuroticism could moderate this relationship. The findings may provide insight into temporal dynamics of eudaimonic affect and its implications in mental health of human beings.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： Executive Function (EF), proven to be linked to the prefrontal cortex, refers to a set of higher-order cognitive and self-regulatory processes. These processes include (a) inhibition, the ability to intentionally suppress prepotent impulses or habits; (b) working memory, the ability to hold multiple things in the mind at once while mentally manipulating one or more of them; and (c) cognitive flexibility or shifting, the capability to switch between tasks. However, little attention has been given to predictors of EF across the first two years of life. A principal limitation of this is a methodological challenge, due to toddlers’ limited sustained attention, poor language competence, and labile emotional state. Accordingly, in this study, we aimed to examine developmental intrinsic factors (infant attention and temperament) and the caregiving environment (maternal sensitivity) in infancy as possible predictors of EF in toddlerhood. By estimating specific contributions and interaction effects, we aimed to expand the knowledge on early mechanisms behind the development of EF in toddlerhood from an intrinsic and environmental perspective. At six months (T1, n = 236), infants and mothers visited Center for Child Development for the assessment of maternal sensitivity and infant attention. Mothers completed questionnaires on infant temperament. Maternal sensitivity was evaluated by observing the free, interactive process between mother and children at six months. Infant temperament was assessed by mothers reporting data using the Infant Behavior Questionnaire Revised-Short Form (IBQR-SF), and infant attention was assessed using a Screen Look Duration task at six months. At 24 months (T2, n = 191), the children returned to the laboratory with an accompanying parent for an assessment battery of EF tasks, including Multilocation Search, Shape Stroop, Reverse Categorization, and Delay of Gratification tasks. The results indicated that: (1) Peak look duration could predict working memory task and delay of gratification task performance at 24 months. This provides empirical support for the hierarchical framework of EF development, advocating early attention as a foundation for the development of EF. (2) High levels of maternal sensitivity significantly predicted better EF performance among children with low levels of surgency in infancy. However, there was no link between maternal sensitivity and EF among children with medium to high levels of surgency in infancy. (3) Interaction effects suggested that maternal sensitivity positively predicted EF performance among children with high levels of peak look duration in infancy. However, maternal sensitivity negatively predicted EF performance among children with low levels of peak look duration in infancy. Overall, our findings indicate the importance of intrinsic and extrinsic factors in the development of EF in toddlers and provide key insights about parenting. For infants with a lower level of surgency or longer peak look duration, maternal sensitivity positively predicted EF performance in toddlerhood. However, for infants with shorter peak look duration, excessive maternal sensitivity may not be desirable.
Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology submitted time 2022-03-06
Abstract：
[Objective] This study is based on the Tianya community and explores the differences in parents' life satisfaction and emotional state when children at different educational stages. [Methods] The word frequency distribution of parents whose children are in preschool, primary school and junior middle school is calculated by using the Emotion Dictionary of Dalian Institute of Technology, and the life satisfaction of the parents is predicted based on the word frequency. We then compare the differences in parents' life satisfaction and emotional state between groups. [Results] For life satisfaction, junior high school parents were significantly lower than preschool parents and primary school parents. The result indicated that in terms of happy emotional words, the word frequency of pre-school parents was higher than that of primary and junior middle school parents. While in terms of reassuring words and praising words, the word frequency of junior middle school parents was higher than that of pre-school parents. In the category of believing words, parents whose children are in junior high school had the highest word frequency. Pre-school parents had the highest word frequency, and primary school parents had the second higher word frequency in terms of affectionate words. With regard to the missing words and panic words, junior high school parents’ word frequency was significantly higher than primary school parents, with more panic words being expressed by junior high school parents than preschool parents as well. [Limitations] This study collected the data based on the Tianya community, in which this study might ignore the possibility that some parents may still record their lives in the same post while their children’s educational stages have changed. Future research can focus more on possible influencing factors (e.g., high school parents, different roles of parents, longitudinal study) in the relationship between children’s educational stages and parents’ life satisfaction. [Conclusions] In terms of life satisfaction, junior high school parents were significantly lower than preschool and primary school parents. In terms of emotional expression, there are variations between parents whose children are at different educational stages on various emotional words, including happy, reassuring, praising, believing, affectionate, missing, panic words. " " "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology Subjects: Computer Science >> Computer Application Technology submitted time 2021-07-08
Abstract： [Objective] By utilizing players’ behavioral data in DOTA2, this study proposed a non-intrusive method to identify the Dark Personality of game players. [Methods] After extracting behavioral features from DOTA2 replay files with the help of the parsing tool Clarity 2 package, and obtaining players’ dark personality through Dirty Dozen, we recruited machine learning methods to predict players’ sub-dimensions of Dark Personality. [Results] Results showed that best performance occurred with Gaussian Process Regression on Machiavellianism, narcissism and psychopathy. The correlations between predicting values and actual values were between 0.31 and 0.45, and the test-retest correlations were between 0.33 and 0.53. [Limitations] This study did not involve players’ verbal behavior in the process of establishing models, resulting that the features sets were not comprehensive enough. [Conclusions] It suggested that in-game behavior data was able to help predict Dark Personality of players, and the models built by Gaussian Process Regression had the best results in terms of validity and reliability.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
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